1.4+Periodic+table+of+elements

//" It is a huge, efficient resource! " //
==The periodic table is the most important chemistry reference there is//.// It arranges all the known elements in an informative array. Elements are arranged left to right and top to bottom in order of increasing atomic number. Order generally coincides with increasing atomic mass. == ==The different rows of elements are called periods. The period number of an element signifies the highest energy level an electron in that element occupies (in the unexcited state). The number of electrons in a period increases as one traverses down the periodic table; therefore, as the energy level of the atom increases, the number of energy sub-levels per energy level increases. == == Using the data in the table scientists, students, and others that are familiar with the periodic table can extract information concerning individual elements. For instance, a scientist can use carbon's atomic mass to determine how many carbon atoms there are in a 1 kilogram block of carbon. == ==People also gain information from the periodic table by looking at how it is put together//.// By examining an element's position on the periodic table, one can infer the electron configuration. Elements that lie in the same column on the periodic table (called a "group") have identical valance electron configurations and consequently behave in a similar fashion chemically. For instance, all the group 18 elements are inert gases. The periodic table contains an enormous amount of important information. People familiar with how the table is put together can quickly determine a significant amount of information about an element, even if they have never heard of it. ==

==taken from : [|//http://periodic.lanl.gov/what.htm//] ==

==The **periodic table ** == ==**of the chemical elements** (also **Mendeleev's table**, **periodic table of the elements** or just **periodic table**) is a tabular display of the chemycal elements. Although precursors to this table exist, its invention is generally credited to Russian chemist dmitri mendeleev in 1869, who intended the table to illustrate recurring ("periodic") trends in the properties of the elements. The layout of the table has been refined and extended over time, as new elements have been discovered, and new theoretical models have been developed to explain chemical behavior. ==

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===** [[|edit]]  Clasification **===

**Groups **
A //group// or //family// is a vertical column in the periodic table. Groups are considered the most important method of classifying the elements. In some groups, the elements have very similar properties and exhibit a clear trend in properties down the group. These groups tend to be given trivial (unsystematic) names, e.g., the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens,pnictogens, chalcogens, and noble gases. Some other groups in the periodic table display fewer similarities and/or vertical trends (for example Group 14), and these have no trivial names and are referred to simply by their group numbers. ===** [[|edit]] Periods **===

A // period // is a horizontal row in the periodic table. Although groups are the most common way of classifying elements, there are some regions of the periodic table where the horizontal trends and similarities in properties are more significant than vertical group trends. This can be true in the d-block (or "transition metals"), and especially for the f-block, where thelanthanoids and actinoids form two substantial horizontal series of elements. ===** [[|edit]] Blocks **=== This diagram shows the periodic table blocks. Because of the importance of the outermost shell, the different regions of the periodic table are sometimes referred to as // periodic table blocks //, named according to the subshell in which the "last" electron resides. The s-block comprises the first two groups (alkali metals and alkaline earth metals) as well as hydrogen and helium. The p-block comprises the last six groups (groups 13 through 18) and contains, among others, all of the semimetals. The d-block comprises groups 3 through 12 and contains all of the transition metals. The f-block, usually offset below the rest of the periodic table, comprises the rare earth metals.

** [  Other **
The chemical elements are also grouped together in other ways. Some of these groupings are often illustrated on the periodic table, such as transition metals, poor metals, and metalloids. Other informal groupings exist, such as theplatinum group and the noble metals.

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<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Periodic table of elements
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**<span class="long_text"> The periodic table of elements classifies, organizes and distributes various chemicals, according to their properties and characteristics.

Usually attributed to Dmitri Mendeleev table who ordered the items based on the manual variation of chemical properties, while Julius Lothar Meyer, working separately, conducted a system from the physical properties of atoms. **

<span style="color: #ae2e24; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 30px; line-height: 45px;"> [|htt] [|[[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica_de_los_elementos|p://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica_de_los_elementos]]]

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 * Periodic table ||  || **1** || **2** || **3** || **4** || **5** || **6** || **7** || **8** || **9** || **10** || **11** || **12** || **13** || **14** || **15** || **16** || **17** || **18** ||
 * 1 || [|H] ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||  || [|He] ||
 * ^  || Hydrogen ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||^   || Helium ||
 * 2 || [|Li] || [|Be] ||||||||||||||||||||  || [|B] || [|C] || [|N] || [|O] || [|F] || [|Ne] ||
 * ^  || Lithium || Beryllium ||||||||||||||||||||^   || Boron || Carbon || Nitrogen || Oxygen || Fluorine || Neon ||
 * 3 || [|Na] || [|Mg] ||||||||||||||||||||^  || [|Al] || [|Si] || [|P] || [|S] || [|Cl] || [|Ar] ||
 * ^  || Sodium || Magnesium || Aluminum || Silicon || Phosphorus || Sulfur || Chlorine || Argon ||
 * 4 || [|K] || [|Ca] || [|Sc] || [|Ti] || [|V] || [|Cr] || [|Mn] || [|Fe] || [|Co] || [|Ni] || [|Cu] || [|Zn] || [|Ga] || [|Ge] || [|As] || [|Se] || [|Br] || [|Kr] ||
 * ^  || Potassium || Calcium || Scandium || Titanium || Vanadium || Chromium || Manganese || Iron || Cobalt || Nickel || Copper || Zinc || Gallium || Germanium || Arsenic || Selenium || Bromine || Krypton ||
 * 5 || [|Rb] || [|Sr] || [|Y] || [|Zr] || [|Nb] || [|Mo] || [|Tc] || [|Ru] || [|Rh] || [|Pd] || [|Ag] || [|Cd] || [|In] || [|Sn] || [|Sb] || [|Te] || [|I] || [|Xe] ||
 * ^  || Rubidium || Strontium || Yttrium || Zirconium || Niobium || Molybdenum || Technetium || Ruthenium || Rhodium || Palladium || Silver || Cadmium || Indium || Tin || Antimony || Tellurium || Iodine || Xenon ||
 * 6 || [|Cs] || [|Ba] || * || [|Hf] || [|Ta] || [|W] || [|Re] || [|Os] || [|Ir] || [|Pt] || [|Au] || [|Hg] || [|Tl] || [|Pb] || [|Bi] || [|Po] || [|At] || [|Rn] ||
 * ^  || Cesium || Barium ||   || Hafnium || Tantalum || Tungsten || Rhenium || Osmium || Iridium || Platinum || Gold || Mercury || Thallium || Lead || Bismuth || Polonium || Astatine || Radon ||
 * 7 || [|Fr] || [|Ra] ||  || [|Rf] || [|Db] || [|Sg] || [|Bh] || [|Hs] || [|Mt] || [|Uun] || [|Uuu] || [|Uub] ||||||||||||   ||
 * ^  || Francium || Radium ||   || Unnilquadium || Unnilpentium || Unnilhexium || Unnilseptium || Unniloctium || Unnilennium || Ununnilium || Unununium || Ununbium ||||||||||||^   ||
 * ^  || * || [|La] || [|Ce] || [|Pr] || [|Nd] || [|Pm] || [|Sm] || [|Eu] || [|Gd] || [|Tb] || [|Dy] || [|Ho] || [|Er] || [|Tm] || [|Yb] || [|Lu] ||
 * ^  ||   || Lanthanum || Cerium || Praseodymium || Neodymium || Promethium || Samarium || Europium || Gadolinium || Terbium || Dysprosium || Holmium || Erbium || Thulium || Ytterbium || Lutetium ||
 * ^  ||   || [|Ac] || [|Th] || [|Pa] || [|U] || [|Np] || [|Pu] || [|Am] || [|Cm] || [|Bk] || [|Cf] || [|Es] || [|Fm] || [|Md] || [|No] || [|Lr] ||
 * ^  ||   || Actinium || Thorium || Protactinium || Uranium || Neptunium || Plutonium || Americium || Curium || Berkelium || Californium || Einsteinium || Fermium || Mendelevium || Nobelium || Lawrencium ||
 * ~ **​Element Groups (Families)** ||
 * **Alkali Ear​th** || **Alkaline Earth** || **Transition Metals** ||
 * **Rare Earth** || **Other Metals** || **Metlloids** ||
 * **Non-Metals** || **Halogens** || **Noble Gases** ||
 * **Non-Metals** || **Halogens** || **Noble Gases** ||

= PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS = ​ =This is a large version of the periodic table and contains the symbol, atomic number, and mean atomic mass value for the natural isotopic composition of each element. The periodic table of the chemical elements is a tabular method of displaying the chemical elements. Although precursors to this table exist, its invention is generally credited to Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. Mendeleev intended the table to illustrate recurring periodic trends in the properties of the elements. The layout of the table has been refined and extended over time, as new elements have been discovered, and new theoretical models have been developed to explain chemical behavior.=



DANIEL RIVERA 7B TAKED FROM: []
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<span style="background-color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">How to read atomic table
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">When you look at the periodic table, you should notice that each box represents a different element, and each box contains vital information about the element, including its name, symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass. Look at the sample box below for a description of each of these pieces of information. The top number is the **__atomic number__**. Every element has its own unique atomic number. The atomic number tells how many protons are in one atom of that element. Since no two elements have the same atomic number, no two elements have the same number of protons. The large letter is the element's symbol, and just below that is the element's name. Each element has its own unique symbol and name. It is often very useful to memorize symbols and names for elements, especially the more commonly used elements. Below the name is the element's **__atomic mass__**. The atomic mass is the mass in atomic mass units for all possible isotopes of that element. The atomic mass essentially gives you an estimate of how massive one atom of that element is.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 36%;">image taken form : <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 60%;"> http://kaffee.netfirms.com/Science/images/Reading.Periodic.Table.Example.Mo.gif @http://kaffee.netfirms.com/Science/images/Reading.Periodic.Table.Example.Mo.gif

1 H ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||  || [|helium] 2 He || 3 Li || [|beryllium] 4 Be ||||||||||||||||||||  || [|boron] 5 B || [|carbon] 6 C || [|nitrogen] 7 N || [|oxygen] 8 O || [|fluorine] 9 F || [|neon] 10 Ne || 11 Na || [|magnesium] 12 Mg ||||||||||||||||||||  || [|aluminium] 13 Al || [|silicon] 14 Si || [|phosphorus] 15 P || [|sulfur] 16 S || [|chlorine] 17 Cl || [|argon] 18 Ar || 19 K || [|calcium] 20 Ca || [|scandium] 21 Sc || [|titanium] 22 Ti || [|vanadium] 23 V || [|chromium] 24 Cr || [|manganese] 25 Mn || [|iron] 26 Fe || [|cobalt] 27 Co || [|nickel] 28 Ni || [|copper] 29 Cu || [|zinc] 30 Zn || [|gallium] 31 Ga || [|germanium] 32 Ge || [|arsenic] 33 As || [|selenium] 34 Se || [|bromine] 35 Br || [|krypton] 36 Kr || 37 Rb || [|strontium] 38 Sr || [|yttrium] 39 Y || [|zirconium] 40 Zr || [|niobium] 41 Nb || [|molybdenum] 42 Mo || [|technetium] 43 Tc || [|ruthenium] 44 Ru || [|rhodium] 45 Rh || [|palladium] 46 Pd || [|silver] 47 Ag || [|cadmium] 48 Cd || [|indium] 49 In || [|tin] 50 Sn || [|antimony] 51 Sb || [|tellurium] 52 Te || [|iodine] 53 I || [|xenon] 54 Xe || 55 Cs || [|barium] 56 Ba || 57-71 72 Hf || [|tantalum] 73 Ta || [|tungsten] 74 W || [|rhenium] 75 Re || [|osmium] 76 Os || [|iridium] 77 Ir || [|platinum] 78 Pt || [|gold] 79 Au || [|mercury] 80 Hg || [|thallium] 81 Tl || [|lead] 82 Pb || [|bismuth] 83 Bi || [|polonium] 84 Po || [|astatine] 85 At || [|radon] 86 Rn || 87 Fr || [|radium] 88 Ra || 89-103 || [|rutherfordium] 104 Rf || [|dubnium] 105 Db || [|seaborgium] 106 Sg || [|bohrium] 107 Bh || [|hassium] 108 Hs || [|meitnerium] 109 Mt || [|darmstadtium] 110 Ds || [|roentgenium] 111 Rg || [|copernicium] 112 Cn || [|ununtrium] 113 Uut || [|ununquadium] 114 Uuq || [|ununpentium] 115 Uup || [|ununhexium] 116 Uuh || [|ununseptium] 117 Uus || [|ununoctium] 118 Uuo ||
 * ~  || [|hydrogen]
 * ~ [|2] || [|lithium]
 * ~ [|3] || [|sodium]
 * ~ [|4] || [|potassium]
 * ~ [|5] || [|rubidium]
 * ~ [|6] || [|caesium]
 * || [|hafnium]
 * ~ [|7] || [|francium]

57 La || [|cerium] 58 Ce || [|praseodymium] 59 Pr || [|neodymium] 60 Nd || [|promethium] 61 Pm || [|samarium] 62 Sm || [|europium] 63 Eu || [|gadolinium] 64 Gd || [|terbium] 65 Tb || [|dysprosium] 66 Dy || [|holmium] 67 Ho || [|erbium] 68 Er || [|thulium] 69 Tm || [|ytterbium] 70 Yb || [|lutetium] 71 Lu || 89 Ac || [|thorium] 90 Th || [|protactinium] 91 Pa || [|uranium] 92 U || [|neptunium] 93 Np || [|plutonium] 94 Pu || [|americium] 95 Am || [|curium] 96 Cm || [|berkelium] 97 Bk || [|californium] 98 Cf || [|einsteinium] 99 Es || [|fermium] 100 Fm || [|mendelevium] 101 Md || [|nobelium] 102 No || [|lawrencium] 103 Lr ||
 * * [|Lanthanides] || [|lanthanum]
 * ** [|Actinides]** || [|actinium]

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">He realized that the table in front of him lay at the very heart of chemistry. In his table he noted gaps - spaces where elements should be but none had yet been discovered. In fact, just as Adams and Le Verrier could be said to have discovered the planet Neptune on paper, Mendeleev could be said to have discovered germanium (which he called //eka//-silicon because he observed a gap between silicon and tin), gallium (//eka//-aluminum) and scandium (//eka//-boron) on paper, for he predicted their existence and their properties before their actual discoveries. Although Mendeleev had made a crucial breakthrough, he made little further progress because the Rutherford-Bohr model of the atom had not yet been formulated. In 1913, Henry Moseley, who worked with Rutherford, showed it is atomic number (charge) and not (as Mendeleev had proposed) atomic weight that is most fundamental to the chemical properties of any element. Like Mendeleev, Moseley was able to predict correctly the existence of new elements based on his work. And today the elements are still arranged in order of increasing atomic number (Z) as you go from left to right across the table. We call the horizontal rows periods and the vertical rows groups.

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what is the periodic table of elements? The periodic table is the most important chemistry reference there is//.// It arranges all the known elements in an informative array. Elements are arranged left to right and top to bottom in order of increasing atomic number. Order generally coincides with increasing atomic mass. The different rows of elements are called periods. The period number of an element signifies the highest energy level an electron in that element occupies (in the unexcited state). The number of electrons in a period increases as one traverses down the periodic table; therefore, as the energy level of the atom increases, the number of energy sub-levels per energy level increases.

Groups
A //group// or //family// is a vertical column in the periodic table. Groups are considered the most important method of classifying the elements. In some groups, the elements have very similar properties and exhibit a clear trend in properties down the group. These groups tend to be given trivial (unsystematic) names, e.g., the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, pnictogens, chalcogens, and noble gases. Some other groups in the periodic table display fewer similarities and/or vertical trends (for example Group 14), and these have no trivial names and are referred to simply by their group numbers.

Periods
A //period// is a horizontal row in the periodic table. Although groups are the most common way of classifying elements, there are some regions of the periodic table where the horizontal trends and similarities in properties are more significant than vertical group trends. This can be true in the d-block and especially for the f-block, where the lanthanides and actinides form two substantial horizontal series of elements.

taked from : [] and [] the video from : [] pedro juan mejia aguilar <span style="background-color: #ff0009; color: #000000; display: block; font-size: 170%; text-align: center;">The periodic table of elements All the information about the periodic table of elements is on that diapositives and is explained to with the video. [|periodic_table science.ppt][|periodic_table science.ppt] media type="youtube" key="d0zION8xjbM" width="291" height="222"media type="custom" key="5730517" width="259" height="228" the information of the diapositives was taken from: education.jlab.org/jsat/powerpoint/periodic_table.ppt the video was taken from the page: youtube.com

EDWIN BEDOYA CARDONA 10 7B

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=<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">Parts of the Periodic Table <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">The Elements of the Periodic Table

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">Atomic Number and Mass
 * 1) The periodic table contains 117 elements, with 94 of these naturally occurring on the Earth and the rest only existing in synthetic form. Each element is contained in a small block. Information in the block includes the name of the element and its chemical symbol, atomic number and atomic mass.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">The Periods
 * 1) As the table progresses from left to right, and top to bottom, the atomic number of the elements increases. The atomic number is the count of the protons contained in the atomic nucleus. The table also shows atomic mass, the total mass of the neutrons, protons and electrons that make up the atom. For elements with no stable isotope, the table gives in parenthesis the atomic mass of the isotope with the longest half-life; in other words, the most stable form of the element.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">The Groups
 * 1) The seven rows in the table represent periods. Each element in a single row has the same number of electron shells, which surround the atomic nucleus. The elements hydrogen and helium have a single orbital shell; elements in the second row have two orbitals, and so on. In the seventh period, elements have a seventh orbital shell, which is the highest energy level occupied by naturally occurring electrons.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">Graphic Indicators
 * 1) The table's 18 columns, read vertically from top to bottom, represent groups. All elements in a group have the same number of electrons orbiting the nucleus in the outermost shell. The exceptions to this rule include hydrogen, helium and the "transitional elements," which occupy groups three through 12. Elements in a group share important chemical characteristics. Group 18, for example, includes the "inert" or "noble" gases. Group 17 includes the five halogens.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">Lanthanides and Actinides
 * 1) Some periodic tables display a color code that shows the state of the element--solid, liquid, gas, or unknown--at zero degrees Centigrade. Borders may show whether the element is naturally occurring (solid border), occurring only as a result of radioactive decay (dashed border) or artificial (dotted border). A single thick line sometimes appears in the periodic table dividing the elements into metallic (to the left) and non-metallic (to the right).


 * 1) At the bottom of the periodic table are two additional rows of 14 elements each. The top row shows the lanthinides, elements 58 through 71. The bottom row is the actinides, elements 90 through 103. The first elements in these two series are contained in the main body of the periodic table: lanthanum (57) and actinium (89). These are the 30 rare earth metals, most of which are synthetic.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">The Element Groups

 * 1) There are nine basic groups of elements shown in the periodic table. They are the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, other metals, metalloids, non-metals, halogens, noble gases and rare earth elements.



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